Siyaasadda Somaliland ee Sool waxay majaxaabin kartaa doodda aaya-ka-talinta ku dhisan ee goonni-isu-taagga

Tageerayaasha goonni-isu-taagga Somaliland waxay dhaliil kulul u soo jeediyaan doodda salka u ah jirtiaanka siyaasadeed ee Puntland: in burburkii Soomaaliya kadib dadku beelo u kala baxeen, beel kastana xaq u leedahay samaysashada ismaamul. Dhaliisha saamigeeda ugu badan waxay ku dul dhici jirtay dadka dega gobolada Sool iyo Saanaag iyo Togdheer oo aan ka mid ahaan jirin taageerayaasha dhaqdhaqaaqii SNM-ta ee badankood danta u arka kala go’a Soomaaliya.  

Dhacdooyin badan oo dhacay dhowrkii sano ee ugu dambeeyey ayaa muujiyey in dhaliishaasi ku salaysan tahay u fiirsasho la’aanta ifafaalayaasha siyaasadeed ee Sool. Keenistii ciidamada Somaliland la keenay qaybo ka mid ah Sool kadib markii mudaneyaal ka soo jeeda Sool kana mid ah  golaha wakiillada Somaliland ay u ololeeyeen ayaa ah ifafaalaha kowaad. Dagaalkii ugu dambeeyey ee dhacay bishii Oktoobar ee keenay in Laas Caanood hoos tagto maamulka Somaliland ayaa isagana  dhaliisha aan kor xusay sii baabi’iyey. 

Seddex maamul ayaa Somaliland soo maray. Kii ugu horreeyey ee uu hoggaaminayey Allaha u naxariisto Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali wuxuu jiray labo sanadood; waxa maamulkaa soo foodsaaray dhibaatooyin keenay in dadka taageersanaa maamulkaa iyo dadka ka soo horjeeda uu dagaal dhex maro kadib markii xilkii madaxweynanimada uu la wareegay allaha u naxariisto Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal. Waa maamulka Cigaal kan saameeyey siyaasadda Sool ee oo hadda doorsoontay. Maamulkaasi wuxuu ogaa in hey’ado siyaasadeed oo muujin kara himilooyinka  dadka Sool dega aysan berigaa jirin sababo badan awgood. Wuxuu wareysiyo badan oo uu bixiyey Cigaal ku tilmaamay Sool meel aan nabad oo hay’adaha samafalka ka shaqayn Karin, argagixisaduna ka howl gasho.  Arrintaa kama aysan dhiidhiyin waakiillada Sool ee ka mid ahaa maamulka Somaliland. Ra’iisal Wasaaraha Itoobiya, Meles Senawi, oo berigaa dagaal kula jiray Al-itixaad ayaa Cabdulaahi Xaaji ( Laanta Af Soomaliga ee BBC-da) u sheegay sanadkii 1996dii in ay Itoobiya taqaan “xargaha siyaasadda Soomaalida.” ( We are familiar with intricacies of Somali politics”.  

Siyaasadda Cigaal ee Sool waxba iskama badellin kadbib markii la sameeyey ismaamulka Puntland sanadkii 1998dii. Wuu ogaa in dadka reer Sool kala qaybsan yihiin, geyiga Soomaaliyeedna  ay dul heehaabaysay hawo qabyaaladeed sumeysan dagaalladii sokeeye iyo falalkii uu geystay xukunkii keli taliska ahaa ee la afgambiyay sanadkii 1991dii awgood. Wuu ogaa in siyaasiyiinta Sool ee maamulkiisa ka mid ah aysan aragtida Somaliland ka wada iibin karin dadka ku nool meelaha ay ka soo kala jeedaan. Waana sababta ay siyaasiyiinta Sool ugu sii adkaatay in wax ka bedellista siyaasaddii Cigaal xitaa haddii ay mararka qaaarkood halis ku ahayd danaha xilliga fog ee dadka goinni isu taagga doonaya.  
 Maamulka ka dameebyey Cigaal ee uu hadda hoggaamiyo Daahir Riyaale Kaahin,  wuxuu ku soo oo kordhiyey siyaasadda Somaliland ee Sool u nuglaanshaha talooyinka siyaasiyiinta Sool inkasta oo uu ogyahay in talada Sool dadka ay go’do ahayn siyaasiyiinta. Riyaale oo arrinkaa sida uu garanayo muujinaya wuxuu ku yiri cilmi baarayaashii ka socday International Crisis Group e soo saaray warbixinta  Somaliland: Democratisation And Its Discontents:  

Waan in aynu dhibtan si dhab ah u eegnaa. Waxaan u baahannahay qorshe si aan wax uga qabanno arrinkan sanadkan. Dadka way ku kala qaybsan yihiin fikradahooda […] waxay talo ku gaareen in ay Somaliland ka mid noqdaan sanadihii 1991dii iyo 1993dii. Dhammaanteen waan wada joognay. Hase ahaate hoggaamiyayaashoodu waxay weli waxay raadinayaan in ay helaan sadka ugu fiican…talo ma aysan gaarin weli. Haddii ay doonayaan in ay [Somaliland] ka qayb qaataan waa in ay u howl galaan.  Iskama aynaan fadhiisan oo ma sugin in uu qof wax na siiyo. Waan u shaqaysannay.”  ( We have got to look

into this problem seriously. We need a plan about what to do this coming year. The masses there are divided in their views […] They decided to be part of Somaliland in 1991 and 1993. We were all there together. But their leaders are still looking around for the best deal… they haven’t yet reached a decision. If they want to take part [in Somaliland] then they will have to work for it. We didn’t just sit back and wait for someone to give us something. We worked for it 

Isbeddal tallaabo-tallaabo ah ayaa ku dhacayey siyaasaddii Cigaal laga dhaxlay ee Sool oo markii hore ku salaysnayd aqoonta durugsan ee Cigaal u lahaa taariikhda casriga ah ee Soomaalida guud ahaan iyo taariikhda Sool gaar ahaan. Wuxuu u arkay in reer sool siyaasadda ku kala qaynsan yhiin. Wuxuu isku howlidda in lagu dedaalo ka mid noqoshadoodoa Somaliland u arkayey mid hakin karta kabashadii dawladiidsu iyo dadkuba ka soo kabanayeen dagaalladadii ka dhacay  Hargeisa, Burco iyo Berbera ee dhex maray ciiddamadii u daaccada ahaa Allaha u naxariisto Cabriamaan Tuur iyo kuwa dawladdii Cigaal taabacsanaa. Waxa kale oo uu ogaa in siyaasiyiinta Sool ee Hargeysa ku sugan aysan siin karaynin xog siyaasadeed dhammaystiran oo ku saabsan sida reer Sool uga mid noqon karaan mashruuca Somaliland ama waxa hortaagan in taa la helo. Iimaahaa siyaasadeed ayaa saameeyey sida loo rumeysan karo (credibility) siyaasiyiinta Sool ee Hargeysa fadhiday, una fududaysay marxuum Cigaal in uu siyaasiyiintaa ku qabto hangool farraaro leh.  

Maqnaanshaha hal maamul oo awood leh ayaa suurtogalin kari waayay in soohdin loo yeelo kala socoshada siyaasiyiinta Sool oo uu Dhanxiirka wargeyska Jamhuuriya oo Axmes Cabdi Xaabsade, wasiirkii  amniga e Punt;and, ka faalloonaya ku tilmaamay kuwo “waddadaa dheer kolba dhinac u rara oo marna hayaay ayaa Harti aheey yidhaa, marna huteelada Hargeysa u soo dhababaceeya.” 

Maamulka Riyaale oo xusuustiisa siyaasadeed wax u dhinmeen ayaa u nuglaaday dhegeysiga siyaasiyiin iyo hawlwadeenno aan xiriir badan la lahayn dadka Sool badankood hase ahaatee yaqaan sida loo ciyaaro kubadda abtirsiinyaha marka gobolka la joogo. Waana siyaasiyiinta u horseeday Somaliland in ay ciidanka keento dueledka Laas Caanood ugu dambyentiina kwuo taabacsan weerareen magaalada, gacantana ku dhigeen iyada oo maamulka Somaliland u fulinayo danaha siyaasiyiin reer Sool ah oo dadkooda aan kasban karin.  Waa siyaasadda keentay in suxufiga Xuseen Cabdullaahi Ducaale Casayr uu isweydiiyo weydiintan: “Ma waxay ku dhisan tahay ujeeddooyin fogfog mise rag laab-la-kac ah oo reer Sool ah iyo madaxda UDUB oo dano siyaasadeed oo sokeeya leh ayaa ‘ilmarooje isku khatalay’?” 

Dagaalkii dhacay bishii Oktoobar wuxuu dhaawacday siyaasadda Puntland eek u ku dhisan beerka jecli, xaydha jantay, waxayna waddo cusub  u jeexday siyaasadda Somaliland ee  Sool oo  afaratii sano ee ugu dambeeyey ku dhisnayd ishaa-falataysiga. Dhibta ugu weyn ee hadda Sool ka taagan oo midda ugu horreysa ay tahay dagaal dhiig badan ku daato oo dhaca waxa ka dambeeya siyaasiyiinta Sool ee Puntland iyo Somaliland kala tageersan.  Waa Somaliland  tan dhaawaca siyaasadeed ka soo gaari karo dagaal daba dheeraada oo dadka wada dega Sool Togdhher iyo Sanaag kala fogeeya waayo qorshaha dagaalka waxa magoogay  xubno ka soo carooday maamulka Puntland oo hadda is leh muujiya in tiinnu socon karto idinkoo cuddudda Somaliland iyo wixii Sool aad ka jaf-jafan kartaan adeegsanaya. 

Wax qarsoon ma aha in dadka Sool deggan kala qaybsan yihiin, kala qaybsanaantaa oo keentay in go’aan deg deg ah laga qaadan kari waayo xaaladda dagaal ee keentay barakakaca dad tiro badan oo Laas Caanood ku noolaa. Waxa kaalintooda iyagana gabay mucaaradaka Somaliland gaar ahaan xisbiga Kulmiye oo madaxdiisu iyaga oo ka cabsanaya in lagu eedayo qaran-dumis ( mise qabiil dumis?) ka weecday siyaasadda

ajendaha  isbeddelka is cusbooneysiinta siyaasadda (An Agenda for Change and Political Renewal) oo ereyaddani ka mid yihiin: “ Waxaan midnimada dadkeenna ku

raadin doonnaa wada-hadal iyo hadal-cad. Waxaan rumeysannahay in qarankeenna oo hela aqoonsi caalami ah u baahan tahay  midnimadeenna.” (“We will seek the unity of our people through dialogue and candor. We believe our unity is necessary to gaining international recognition for our State.” 

Haddii maamulka Somaliland uu ku sii socdo siyaasaddan aan laga baaraan-degin, burin kartana tiirka aaya-ka- talinta ee doodda goonni-isutaaggu ku dhisan tahay, waxa dhici doonta in Somaliland kala dhantaasho xasiloonidii  horseedday  furitaanka xisbiyada badan iyo ku sii adkeysiga goonni isu taagga. Waa in maamulka Somaliland dhiirri-geliyaa siyaasadda ah in dadka Sool dega loo daayo wax ka qabashada dhibaatooyinka siyaasadeed iyo kuwa bulsho. Waana waddadan tan keeni karta nabad ku wada noolaansho iyo soo bixista siyaasiyiin hela kalsoonida dadka  gobolka Sool dega. 
 

Liibaan Axmad

libahm@gmail.com