8-dda March, Maalinta haweenka iyo Halgankii dheeraa ee la soomaray!. - Qaybtii 2aad

W/Q: Suldaan Nayruus Xaaji Aadan.
        Karachi-Pakistan.
       suldan25@hotmail.com
      suldan25@yahoo.com

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Erayada laga qabatimay bayaankaas oo ahaa kuwo si fudud u shaac-baxay, ayaan haddana wax saasa aan kabaddalin dhibaatooyinkii haweenka ka soo food-saaray sidii ay u gaari lahaayeen yoolkooda. Dhaq-dhaqaaqa cod-bixinta ee haweenka (The Women Suffrage Movement), ayaa waxaa looga hor-yimid arrimo badan. Dadka qaar waxay aaminsanaayeen in haweenku uu caqligoodu liito, oo aysan awoodin in ay qaataan go’aanno siyaasadeed (Political decisions) sida ragga oo kale. Waxaa kaloo la aaminsanaa: maadaama haweenka raggoodu ay ka qayb-qaadanayaan cod-bixinta doorashooyinka in aanan loo baahnayn codayntooda, maxaa yeelay raggooda ayaa u taagan (matalaya).

Inbadan oo kamid ah dadka ka hor-yimid dhaq-dhaqaaqa cod-bixin-doonka ee haweenka ayaa waxay ka cabsanayeen: haddii ay haweenku ka qayb-qaataan siyaasadda iyo cod-bixinta in ay khatar uga imaan karto dhanka jagooyinka iyo amniga, ayna macquul noqon karto in ayba faraha lasoo galaan maamulka guriga, hormuudna ay ka noqdaan qoyska.

Inkastoo ay jirtay cadaadis iyo cuna-qabatayn haweenka lagu hayey, ayaa haddana dhaq-dhaqaaqya-doodu marba marka kadambaysa sii xooggaysanayeen. Wuxuuse dhaq-dhaqaasi gaaray fiinta ugu sarraysa markii uu Maraykan-ku siiyey ama u ogalaaday ragga madowga ah (Black men) in ay codeeyaan.

1869-kii, ayey haweenku dhidibada u aaseen laba Urur oo u ola-oleeya xuquuqdooda, oo la kala dhihi jiray: Natural Women Suffrage Association (NWSA) iyo American Women Suffrage Association (AWSA). Ururka NWSA, wuxuu ahaa mid aad u xamaasadaysan ( u qiiraysan), waxaana hoggaanka u hayey Elizabeth Cady Stanton iyo Susan B. Anthony. Yoolka ay tiigsanayeen wuxuu ahaa sidii wax looga baddali lahaa Axdiga Maraykan-ka, looguna kadhi lahaa qodob haweenka u ogalaada in ay codkooda dhiibtaan.

1868-kii, laba haween ah oo laka oran jiray Cady iyo Anthony ayaa waxay baahiyeen: in ay muhimmad weyn leedahay in haweenku ay qaadaan kac-doon waqtilaa (kallaa).1869-kii, ayaa gobalka Wyoming ee Maraykan-ka (The Suffrage State), waxaa lagu unkay sharcigii ugu horreeyey ee dhaq-dhaqaaqa xaqa cod-bixinta ee haweenka.

Anthony iyo kooxo kale oo haween ah oo ka codeeyey Rochester ee New York doorashada madaxtinimada, ayaa waxaa loo taxaabay xabsiga, waxaana lagu ciqaabay codayntoodii oo layiri waxay ahayd mid sharci-darro ah. Markii lasoo daayey ayaa Anthony waxay jeedisay hadal, kaasoo ay kusoo gaba-gabeysay hal ku dhigga ah [Resistance to tyranny is obedience to God] Amar-kutaaglaha (kaligi-taliyaha) oo la iska caabiyo waa Alle muddeeciis.

Iyagoo ay haweenku ku jireen halgankii xuquuq u dirirka ayaa waxaa soo baxay sannadkii 1900, jiil cusub oo hoggaamiya-yaal ah kuwaasoo hiyi-galiyey dhaq-dhaqaaq-yadii haweenka ay ku baadi-goobayeen xuquuqdooda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee abaabul isdaba joog ah, muddaaharaadyo aan kala go’ lahayn iyo kac-doonno naf iyo maalba loo huray, ayey haweenku ku gaareen in ay xuquuqdooda ka soo dhacsadaan waddamada qaarkood.

New Zealand ayaa waxay noqotay qarankii ugu horreeyey ee laydhka cagaaran u siiyey haweenka in ay dhiibtaan codkooda sannadkii 1893-kii. Intii lagu jirey horraantii qarnigii 20-aad (labaatanaad) haweenka Britain, Canada, Finland, Germany iyo Sweden, ayaa waxay bilaabeen dhaq-dhaqaaq xooggan si ay u helaan xuquuq ay codkooda ku dhiibtaan.

1862-kii, haweenka dabaqadda sare ee waddanka Sweden, ayaa waxaa loo ogalaaday in ay codeeyaan. Ugudambayntii 1921-kii, ayey gebi-ahaanba haweenka Sweden heleen xuquuq buuxda oo ay ku codeeyaan. 1928-kii, waddanka Britain ayaa isna u ogalaaday haweenka xaqa cod-bixinta doorashooyinka, iyagoo dhaq-dhaqaaqooda ay bilaabeen 1860-kii. Haweenka Maraykan-ka ayaa iyagana xuquuqda cod-bixinta la siiyey 1920-kii. Intii lagu guda jiray qarnigii 20-aad, dowladaha China, France, India, Italy, Japan iyo quruumo kale ayaa iyaguna haweenka siiyey xaq ay ku footeeyaan.

Inkastoo haweenku 1990-kii, ay waddamo badan ka gaareen yoolkii ay tiigsanayeen, haddana waddamo yar ayaan loo ogalayn in ay wax cod ah bixiyaan. Tusaale waxaan u soo qaadan karnaa waddanka Kuwait oo isagu ragga kaliya loo ogalyahay in ay woodeeyaan.

In badan oo kamid ah haweenka qarniga 21-aad, ayaa waxay ku damaashaadayaan xuquuqdoodii oo ay heleen. Laakiin marka la eego fulinta arrimaha xasaasigaa ayeysan wali wax madax-baannaani ah u helin, iyagoo korka ay ka maamulaan kuwa u taliya bulshada (The patriarchal society). Waxaana la rumaaysan-yahay in aysan wax awood ah lahayn haweenka xildhibaannada ka ah baarlamaannada quruumaha adduunka, iyagoo raggu ay cadadaadiyaan marka ay timaaddo go’aan ka gaaridda arrimaha siyaasadda.

Akhri qaybta 3aad... Guji……………………….

W/Q: Suldaan Nayruus Xaaji Aadan.
        Karachi-Pakistan.
       suldan25@hotmail.com
      suldan25@yahoo.com

»Qaybtii 1aad: 8-dda March, Maalinta haweenka iyo Halgankii dheeraa [Nayruus]

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